if you are not using emulated cpu overclock, if not alternative setting in emulator audio settings then test rom quality:
[hasher]
-- easy: check the hash using duckstation - BIN+CUE, MultiBIN+CUE or CHD
* open DuckStation; [standalone version]
* select the game; [just highlight it]
* right-click to open the pop-up / local menu;
* choose "Properties...";
* choose "Compute Hashes..."; [on the lower right side of the window]
* wait;
if the result is GREEN, your game backup is perfect. Good ROM/DUMP!
if the result is RED, bad backup, bad dump, BAD ROM.
-- or do it manually
"how 2 hash, 4 ways" - by ofernandofilo [2022-04-09]
HowToCreateHash-2022-04-09_18-26-58-x264web [5 min video]
HashTab (Windows) [last freeware versions] [single file] [shell extension]
[https://web.archive.org/.../HashTab...products/hashtab/HashTab_v5.2.0.14_Setup.exe)
CertUtil (Windows) [native tool]
NirSoft HashMyFiles (Windows) [freeware] [files and folders]
Toolsley Hash (web) [CRC32, MD5, SHA1, SHA256] [opensource]
bonus web links: alternative online hash tools
RomHacking Hasher-js (web) [CRC32, MD5, SHA1] [opensource]
Marc Robledo SFV Checker Online (web) [CRC32, MD5, SHA1] [opensource]
www.marcrobledo.com
bonus tip on linux: for multiple files with same file extension
bonus tip on linux: for multiple files with more than one file extension
bonus tip by u/ anievo: type
_o/
[hasher]
-- easy: check the hash using duckstation - BIN+CUE, MultiBIN+CUE or CHD
* open DuckStation; [standalone version]
* select the game; [just highlight it]
* right-click to open the pop-up / local menu;
* choose "Properties...";
* choose "Compute Hashes..."; [on the lower right side of the window]
* wait;
if the result is GREEN, your game backup is perfect. Good ROM/DUMP!
if the result is RED, bad backup, bad dump, BAD ROM.
-- or do it manually
"how 2 hash, 4 ways" - by ofernandofilo [2022-04-09]
HowToCreateHash-2022-04-09_18-26-58-x264web [5 min video]
HashTab (Windows) [last freeware versions] [single file] [shell extension]
[https://web.archive.org/.../HashTab...products/hashtab/HashTab_v5.2.0.14_Setup.exe)
CertUtil (Windows) [native tool]
for %f in ("*.bin") do @certutil -hashfile "%f" SHA1 | find /V /I "certutil"
NirSoft HashMyFiles (Windows) [freeware] [files and folders]
HashMyFiles: Calculate MD5/SHA1/CRC32 hash of files
HashMyFiles is small utility that allows you to calculate the MD5 and SHA1 hashes of one or more files in your system.
www.nirsoft.net
Toolsley Hash (web) [CRC32, MD5, SHA1, SHA256] [opensource]
Hash & Validate - Online MD5, SHA1, SHA256 and CRC32 file hasher
Calculate the hash for any file online. Generate MD5, SHA1, SHA256 or CRC32 instantly in your browser using JavaScript. Make share-able links to validate files. No need to install anything, just drag & drop.
www.toolsley.com
bonus web links: alternative online hash tools
RomHacking Hasher-js (web) [CRC32, MD5, SHA1] [opensource]
Marc Robledo SFV Checker Online (web) [CRC32, MD5, SHA1] [opensource]
SFV Checker Online
A web-based CRC32/MD5/SHA1 file checker, it lets you check file integrities easily. No uploads required.

bonus tip on linux: for multiple files with same file extension
EXT=bin; echo -e "\n[-$EXT-file-hashes]\n"; for F in *.$EXT; do echo -e "\040\040\040\040"file...: "$F" && echo -e "\040\040\040\040"size...: $(du -b "$F" | awk '{print $1; exit}') bytes, about $(du -h "$F" | awk '{print $1; exit}')B && echo -e "\040\040\040\040"crc-32.: $(crc32 "$F") && echo -e "\040\040\040\040"md5....: $(md5sum "$F" | awk '{print $1; exit}') && echo -e "\040\040\040\040"sha-1..: $(sha1sum "$F" | awk '{print $1; exit}') && echo -e "\040\040\040\040"sha256.: $(sha256sum "$F" | awk '{print $1; exit}'); echo ""; done;
bonus tip on linux: for multiple files with more than one file extension
shopt -s globstar nocaseglob nullglob; echo -e "\n[file-hashes]\n"; for F in *.{bin,chd}; do echo -e "\040 \040 "file..: "$F"; echo -e "\040 \040 "size..: $(du -b "$F" | awk '{print $1; exit}') bytes, about $(du -h "$F" | awk '{print $1; exit}')B; echo -e "\040 \040 "crc-32: $(crc32 "$F"); echo -e "\040 \040 "md5...: $(md5sum "$F" | awk '{print $1; exit}'); echo -e "\040 \040 "sha-1.: $(sha1sum "$F" | awk '{print $1; exit}'); echo -e "\040 \040 "sha256: $(sha256sum "$F" | awk '{print $1; exit}')"\n"; done;
bonus tip by u/ anievo: type
powershell
at Windows Explorer address bar, then:Get-FileHash -Algorithm SHA1 *.bin
_o/