a simple syntax is:
chmod attribute file
if you're familiar with the dos command "attrib" its a little bit similar..
e.g. for example if you want to set the r+w+x (read + write + execute) for the user (owner of the file), you would do "chmod u+rwx file",if you're the owner then just do a "chmod +rwx file", if you wan't to set user+group+other attributes at the same time do sumthing like "chmod a+rwx file" or "chmod 777 file",
the 777 (octal) means set all attribute bit flags on.. i.e. 111111111 on binary.. i hope it helps a bit..